Kibaki began campaigning a month before elections, ODM 2 years with the Big5 including Ruto. Martha was very vocal with the Rose party which Kibaki didn't join in the end anyway. Kibaki won Central, no other constituency, he lost the elections. Mass action was warranted. What wasn't warranted was BANNING all mass action from the get go. Democracies don't do that. Dictatorships operating under colonial katibas do that. Kibaki and Uhuru caused bloodshed. It was their negligence and ruthless ambition, land deeds, status quo, tribalism, bank rolling which became the genesis of the genocide. The path to hell is lined with good intentions. In the end those two plotted to kill a few along ethnic lines to preserve the status quo and hold onto power at all costs. That path leads to hell. I learnt this in school. A leader with no shadow of the future is the worst leader for a nation-state, a common trait among mass murderers.