Boxes to get where...we have few boxes to move from lower middle income country to middle income (4,000 usd per capita). We are now at 2,000usd - a huge jump from when Moi left us at I thin less than 500usd per capita. Now 4-6k is around where South Africa or Botswana are - then we have to jump to 7-8K - around to 12K (lower level to become developed country) and of course we would still be miles away from Western World of 40-50K. But it doable. This won't happen in 10-20 yrs - but we are talking about 40-50yrs for kenya to become a developed world if it sustain it's current path. Target 10-15yrs to become South Africa - another 15-20 years to get out of the middle class trap and become developed. It's doable. It can be done.Chinese is an old civilization - and began it's current modern journey in 1978...so don't think it been fast or easy.
In practical terms - we need to focus on basics - roads, railways, water, sewage, ports - and tick all those boxes like we are nearly ticking electricity access.The hardware is normally the hardest - and once fixed - you really deal with maintenance. You don't rebuild a railway network for example every decade..it last 200yrs.
But we tend to get into interesting software copy-cat debate from first world.
If I was president of kenya I will focus on two things
1) Basic Infrastructure - bridge the infrastructure deficit. Tarmac all roads. Build commute rail for cities.Provide water & sewage to everyone. Provide electricity to everyone. The add ports, airports, railways, irrigation dams, etc - nice to have - but focus on everyone everywhere having reliable electricity, clean piped water, tarmac road and then leave them alone. We are about achieving universal electricity access..lots of kudos..but our tarmac/paved roads & clean piped water stats are very shameful.
2) High Quality education for young ones. The greatest multiplier or denominator.
Those are the two investments with proven huge long term payoff that gov/public sector can engage in - I'd leave the rest of the boxes for private sector and individuals to tick off.
Pundit how many boxes are remaining to be ticked? you said you don't see a demographic dividend in the offing?
Again how come the Chinese ticked the boxes so fast? is our snail pace not tail- chasing?