Termie , if you call her article a research paper , please define what type of research it is.
I have underlined two un referenced statements from her article on HIV testing which are factually wrong. The prescence of an antibodies implies immunological response to an external or internal ( auto immune ) stimulant / factor - current ( on going) or in the past ( resolved ). Immune system has a memory component.
The precence of Hepatitis B or C antibodies there has been an exposure to these viruses that triggered immune response. Some people clear the circulating virus and become immune. Some people become chronic carriers- identified by prescence of actively and quantifiable circulating viral particles.
HIV diagnosis ( confirmatory test ) involves a positive antibody and antigen ( virus particle ) test.
I don't know where to begin when countering un substantiated personal opinions.
We have ben through similar this with the 9/11 conspiracy theories. People make up outrageous un substantiated allegations and leave it to the mainstream to prove them wrong.
HIV antibodies
The first available tests to screen blood banks for HIV detected HIV antibodies (10). Physicians still use these tests when screening blood for infection and, since 2004, direct-to-consumer home tests have become available for identifying antibodies to HIV using only a saliva sample (e.g., OraQuick) (11). Yet, from the time the first tests appeared, scientists in both orthodox and unorthodox camps reiterated that, according to established immunology principles, antibodies to a virus indicate the immune system has acted to control the invading virus. Antibodies point to previously occurring infection and do not signal active infection.antibodies suggest the immune system has controlled the invading agentswww.frontiersin.org