can we really compare Kenya to South Korea?
they had first university in 1885; second in 1905 .....
The notion that great economic, industrial, etc. development is somehow directly connected to the establishment of universities is an interesting one. I just started on a little "investigation" into this theory, looking at both where various countries are today and also those that have made the most rapid progress in the last 50 years. So far, the incomplete results are interesting: on the first (i.e. oldest universities), North Africa is especially interesting; on the second, places like Singapore are worth another look.
But the basic argument from people like me is about leadership:* If one looks at recent "rises", one can immediately connect them to certain leaders and what they established: Deng in China, Park in Korea, Lee in Singapore, Mahatir (to a lesser extent) in Malaysia, etc.
What about places like Kenya? Jomo's first priority was that he and "his people" grab as much as possible. That was the first 15 years of Independent Kenya. In the next 24, Moi outdid Jomo. The former at least tried to ensure that those of "his people" who were at the top were sufficiently educated and somewhat competent. Nyayo didn't even bother with that?
* Is the problem with Kenya really that it doesn't have enough people who are sufficiently and properly educated? I'm not so sure.
A personal story: Growing up, I watched my father and many of his equally well-educated peers get really shafted solely because they were of a "wrong" tribe. I learned from that. In Moi's time, after an education in the West, I tried to return to Kenya, as had always been my intention. I had no luck, and, for the type of jobs I was looking for, it was made clear to me that my tribe was "wrong". At the same time that I was struggling to return to Moi's Kenya, I had good offers in the West and even better ones in Lee's Singapore? One does not need to have gone to school to figure out where I ended up. And doubt that I was the only one in such a situation.
* Technological and economic development is very different from, and much more rapid that, what it was more that, say, over 50 years ago. In particular one needs to rethink the notion that scientific and industrial development follows the long establishment of universities. A much better view, to my mind, is that in these times they go together. For two examples, take a close look at (and consider how old they are)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohang_University_of_Science_and_Technology-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanyang_Technological_University(You may also take a look at the oldest university in Singapore---the National University of Singapore, which started out as a small outpost of the University of Malay---and compare both the countries and the former with its parent university.)
* Forget universities, of which in Kenya these days it seems like there one on top of every multi-storey shopping building. Kenya could really fly if focused on eliminating (or at least greatly reducing) tribalism and corruption, taking care of people's basic needs (food, health, housing, etc.), making the best use of the people it has, reducing the poor-rich gap, and so forth.
Just reflecting on the first of these, I recall that one of the things I especially liked about Singapore is the dim view towards "ethnic differences". Nowhere else in the world have I felt more comfortable as a black person. (In Kenya, my tribe has never been "right"). All that was expected of me, as of everyone else, was plenty of hard work.
As I have stated before, on Africa as a whole: there is plenty of "riches" in the ground; there is no shortage of intelligent, educated people; the "youth bulge" should mean plenty of cheap labour for "nation building"; etc. So, the problem is where?
Take a look at the newest African country, S. Sudan. Kiir firing Machar was bound to lead to disaster; Kiir insisting that Machar could, at best, only be No.3 means that "peace negotiations" are just an exercise in pissing against the wind. But that's how it always seems to go on The Beloved Continent: it's either grabbing for "our people"---and bugger the other people---or it's Government vs. Rebels, in order to have one dominant group that can grab for "our people".