Nipate
Forum => Kenya Discussion => Topic started by: Dear Mami on August 14, 2018, 05:04:51 PM
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Of all the usual factors, the slave trade, colonial extraction, civil wars etc, apparently (these guys claim) empirically, malaria is the biggest factor in African poverty. They say this 'theory' explains a lot in the differences in development trends of continent visavis others but also explains differences observed within the continent between various places.
At least according to this study: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5224010_Root_Causes_of_African_Underdevelopment
Found it super interesting. :)
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Interesting theory. thanks.
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Of all the usual factors, the slave trade, colonial extraction, civil wars etc, apparently (these guys claim) empirically, malaria is the biggest factor in African poverty. They say this 'theory' explains a lot in the differences in development trends of continent visavis others but also explains differences observed within the continent between various places.
At least according to this study: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5224010_Root_Causes_of_African_Underdevelopment (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5224010_Root_Causes_of_African_Underdevelopment)
Found it super interesting.
My hunches are this is just another tail wagging the dog interpretation of numbers. The Negro playing no role of consequence in his own fate. Tim Butcher's Blood River (https://www.amazon.com/Blood-River-Terrifying-Journey-Dangerous/dp/0802144330) is somewhat insightful. DRC, in the 30s, 40s, 50s, was a very functional place. From the perspective of bazungu. Granted the native was subjugated. But even the elderly natives readily admit it was better when the bazungu ran the place. And Malaria was still there then.
To be fair, I need to read or at least scan this article before dismissing it.
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The results show that malaria matters the most and all other factors are statistically insignificant. This result survives even when we use Nunn’s econometric specification and data set. We also show that malaria dampens savings.
Increases in mortality and morbidity can be possible channels through which malaria impacts African development. Increased mortality induces house- holds to increase current consumption and save less for the future (hence the negative relationship between savings and malaria). Increased morbidity on the other hand adversely affects productivity reducing household income and savings. This slows down capital accumulation and economic development. This dis- cussion perhaps sheds some light on why malaria is so persistent in Africa.
We contribute to the literature by showing that malaria is the most powerful explanator (at least statistically) of long-run econ- omic development (or the lack of it) in Africa. None of the other factors (including institutions and slave trade) are statistically sig- nificant. We also provide an explanation for the persistence of malaria in Africa.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=49850476DEB1C037AC29474F908DF43D?doi=10.1.1.546.502&rep=rep1&type=pdf
So lower capital accumulation in some regions is MOSTLY due to Malaria as these places have lower productivity and lower saving rates and higher consumption rate.
What if the lower productivity is caused by the weather and other factors?
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The paper is not written by an African.
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I'll state it from the git-go, as the Americans would put it: mine is a crude and and simplistic one.
Look around the Beloved Continent today. See how they, especially the leaders, are all f**king up? Hard to see where Malaria fits in.
Last 50+ years of Free-and-Independent, except for the endless brutality against ones own, the endless theft from public coffers, etc. etc. etc.
Malaria or the New Colonialism? Mirror, mirror; where art thou?
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The results show that malaria matters the most and all other factors are statistically insignificant. This result survives even when we use Nunn’s econometric specification and data set. We also show that malaria dampens savings.
Increases in mortality and morbidity can be possible channels through which malaria impacts African development. Increased mortality induces house- holds to increase current consumption and save less for the future (hence the negative relationship between savings and malaria). Increased morbidity on the other hand adversely affects productivity reducing household income and savings. This slows down capital accumulation and economic development. This dis- cussion perhaps sheds some light on why malaria is so persistent in Africa.
We contribute to the literature by showing that malaria is the most powerful explanator (at least statistically) of long-run econ- omic development (or the lack of it) in Africa. None of the other factors (including institutions and slave trade) are statistically sig- nificant. We also provide an explanation for the persistence of malaria in Africa.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=49850476DEB1C037AC29474F908DF43D?doi=10.1.1.546.502&rep=rep1&type=pdf (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=49850476DEB1C037AC29474F908DF43D?doi=10.1.1.546.502&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
So lower capital accumulation in some regions is MOSTLY due to Malaria as these places have lower productivity and lower saving rates and higher consumption rate.
What if the lower productivity is caused by the weather and other factors?
I keep getting back to DRC during colonialism. It's a microcosm, if a bit extreme, of the continent. Why wasn't Malaria hurting bazungu's ability to exploit and make the place work them?
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I'll state it from the git-go, as the Americans would put it: mine is a crude and and simplistic one.
Look around the Beloved Continent today. See how they, especially the leaders, are all f**king up? Hard to see where Malaria fits in.
Last 50+ years of Free-and-Independent, except for the endless brutality against ones own, the endless theft from public coffers, etc. etc. etc.
Malaria or the New Colonialism? Mirror, mirror; where art thou?
Hi, Moon Ki, where have you been? It's been a minute.
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Hi, Moon Ki, where have you been? It's been a minute.
Kadame9! Yes, its' been. Busy, busy, busy. You know how it is with three full-time jobs (paid one, black one, and mwafrika one).
Anyways, doesn't looked I missed much. Do you think we will have a definite end to the 2017 elections, or at least a clear declaration that the 2022 ones are underway?
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Glad you are back Moon Ki. Now that most of your predictions about the elections came true, we demand more predictions.
Hi, Moon Ki, where have you been? It's been a minute.
Kadame9! Yes, its' been. Busy, busy, busy. You know how it is with three full-time jobs (paid one, black one, and mwafrika one).
Anyways, doesn't looked I missed much. Do you think we will have a definite end to the 2017 elections, or at least a clear declaration that the 2022 ones are underway?
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Malaria is overrated. Evey time anyone gets a cold it's dubbed malaria. I didn't catch malaria even once when I was in Kenya. It's so easy to diagnose & treat. Anyone suspected of malaria took anti-malaria tabs or quinine injections and recovered immediately. The thing that shocked me was cerebral malaria when left too late. But I only witnessed that once in 2 years while I was in Kenya. Not a single person where I was actually died of malaria. The killer were the lack of clean water, hygiene and lack of antibiotics. I don't know why malaria is overhyped. In the pathology mudhut, most turned out to be a bacterial infection and not malaria. Those diagnosed with severe malaria cleared with quinine injections. I donated hundreds of quinine drugs before I left. Why drug discovery groups are pining for "cures" when there is a cure on the ground is beyond me.
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Malaria is overrated. Evey time anyone gets a cold it's dubbed malaria. I didn't catch malaria even once when I was in Kenya. It's so easy to diagnose & treat. Anyone suspected of malaria took anti-malaria tabs or quinine injections and recovered immediately. The thing that shocked me was cerebral malaria when left too late. But I only witnessed that once in 2 years while I was in Kenya. Not a single person where I was actually died of malaria. The killer were the lack of clean water, hygiene and lack of antibiotics. I don't know why malaria is overhyped. In the pathology mudhut, most turned out to be a bacterial infection and not malaria. Those diagnosed with severe malaria cleared with quinine injections. I donated hundreds of quinine drugs before I left. Why drug discovery groups are pining for "cures" when there is a cure on the ground is beyond me.
And now apparently it explains the results of 32 years of Mobutu.
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The results show that malaria matters the most and all other factors are statistically insignificant. This result survives even when we use Nunn’s econometric specification and data set. We also show that malaria dampens savings.
Increases in mortality and morbidity can be possible channels through which malaria impacts African development. Increased mortality induces house- holds to increase current consumption and save less for the future (hence the negative relationship between savings and malaria). Increased morbidity on the other hand adversely affects productivity reducing household income and savings. This slows down capital accumulation and economic development. This dis- cussion perhaps sheds some light on why malaria is so persistent in Africa.
We contribute to the literature by showing that malaria is the most powerful explanator (at least statistically) of long-run econ- omic development (or the lack of it) in Africa. None of the other factors (including institutions and slave trade) are statistically sig- nificant. We also provide an explanation for the persistence of malaria in Africa.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=49850476DEB1C037AC29474F908DF43D?doi=10.1.1.546.502&rep=rep1&type=pdf (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=49850476DEB1C037AC29474F908DF43D?doi=10.1.1.546.502&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
So lower capital accumulation in some regions is MOSTLY due to Malaria as these places have lower productivity and lower saving rates and higher consumption rate.
What if the lower productivity is caused by the weather and other factors?
I keep getting back to DRC during colonialism. It's a microcosm, if a bit extreme, of the continent. Why wasn't Malaria hurting bazungu's ability to exploit and make the place work them?
I think the data is solid but the authors err on cause & effect. Malaria does not cause poverty, it only exacerbates it. If you removed poverty (low savings,more consumption and low capital accumulation) and replaced it with wind speed, you'd end up saying Malaria causes wind
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They may be on money - looking at malaria zones in kenya - they are more prone to poverty.Malaria(human) and Tse tsefly(animals) have been the two most serious disease in Africa for many centuries. The fear of Malaria prevented enlightened world from venturing into Africa. It wasn't until the discovery of quinine that Africa would be colonized and it's modernity started. Most of sub-sahara Africa lies in the malaria and tse tsefly zones.
Obviously there are many cause of poverty and underdevelopment - but definitely malaria is up there with big ones.And it's elimination should be the top priority.
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They may be on money - looking at malaria zones in kenya - they are more prone to poverty.Malaria(human) and Tse tsefly(animals) have been the two most serious disease in Africa for many centuries. The fear of Malaria prevented enlightened world from venturing into Africa. It wasn't until the discovery of quinine that Africa would be colonized and it's modernity started. Most of sub-sahara Africa lies in the malaria and tse tsefly zones.
Obviously there are many cause of poverty and underdevelopment - but definitely malaria is up there with big ones.And it's elimination should be the top priority.
This is what I most appreciate about you, you're open-minded and not quick to dismiss things that don't fit your current paradigm (so long as Ruto is not concerned lol). I share your view precisely. If you read the article, their main aim is actually people who are currently involved in aid/devlt missions in Africa. They're telling them: Look. If you're serious about fighting poverty here, this is where you'll get the most bang for your buck, long-term.
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Hi, Moon Ki, where have you been? It's been a minute.
Kadame9! Yes, its' been. Busy, busy, busy. You know how it is with three full-time jobs (paid one, black one, and mwafrika one).
Anyways, doesn't looked I missed much. Do you think we will have a definite end to the 2017 elections, or at least a clear declaration that the 2022 ones are underway?
You sound like a busy man. No you haven't missed much and your predictions came to pass. I haven't been keeping up with the politics back home much myself. I come here every so often to see what Pundit n Robina n the others are discussing in order to get a feel for what's going on over there.
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The results show that malaria matters the most and all other factors are statistically insignificant. This result survives even when we use Nunn’s econometric specification and data set. We also show that malaria dampens savings.
Increases in mortality and morbidity can be possible channels through which malaria impacts African development. Increased mortality induces house- holds to increase current consumption and save less for the future (hence the negative relationship between savings and malaria). Increased morbidity on the other hand adversely affects productivity reducing household income and savings. This slows down capital accumulation and economic development. This dis- cussion perhaps sheds some light on why malaria is so persistent in Africa.
We contribute to the literature by showing that malaria is the most powerful explanator (at least statistically) of long-run econ- omic development (or the lack of it) in Africa. None of the other factors (including institutions and slave trade) are statistically sig- nificant. We also provide an explanation for the persistence of malaria in Africa.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=49850476DEB1C037AC29474F908DF43D?doi=10.1.1.546.502&rep=rep1&type=pdf (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=49850476DEB1C037AC29474F908DF43D?doi=10.1.1.546.502&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
So lower capital accumulation in some regions is MOSTLY due to Malaria as these places have lower productivity and lower saving rates and higher consumption rate.
What if the lower productivity is caused by the weather and other factors?
I keep getting back to DRC during colonialism. It's a microcosm, if a bit extreme, of the continent. Why wasn't Malaria hurting bazungu's ability to exploit and make the place work them?
I think the data is solid but the authors err on cause & effect. Malaria does not cause poverty, it only exacerbates it. If you removed poverty (low savings,more consumption and low capital accumulation) and replaced it with wind speed, you'd end up saying Malaria causes wind
Classic correlation cause conundrum I suspect. I think it vanishes with improvements in the environment that come with good living standards. Otherwise we could say Malaria causes dark skin :D.
Preventing and eradication of malaria happens to coincide with some of the stuff countries do to develop. It’s basic and does not require a Marshall plan. It has been possible and well known for the more than 50 years nyeuthi has had his flag and 21 gun salute.
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WHO's take on it http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2009/mal2009_rep_chap5_0040.pdf.
Once country can keep its incidence under control, elimination of the problem is just a matter of time. It seems like the behaviors that make countries wealthy are also the things that allow elimination of the problem rather than the other way round.
Many other countries, such as Australia, Singapore, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates and the United States of America, were once endemic, have eliminated malaria, and continue to successfully prevent re-establishment of transmission. This is despite having areas with abundant malaria vectors and suitable climate conditions, which make them receptive to the resumption of transmission, and continued importation of parasites from abroad.
Getting rid of stagnant puddles of water in containers such as old tires, gutters, ditches, ponds etc basically interrupting the life cycle of the mosquito can virtually eliminate Malaria from a locality.
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Yep: https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/elimination_us.html
No malaria in Nairobi but in Kisumu around lake victoria I witnessed a couple lab diagnosed malaria cases. We're talking 1 in 2 months falciparum types I documented somewhere.... Lots screamed they had malaria but lab tests found otherwise.
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Yep: https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/elimination_us.html (https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/elimination_us.html)
No malaria in Nairobi but in Kisumu around lake victoria I witnessed a couple lab diagnosed malaria cases. We're talking 1 in 2 months falciparum types I documented somewhere.... Lots screamed they had malaria but lab tests found otherwise.
How much truth is there in the idea that folks in Malaria zones tend to have some immunity?
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I heard about folks developing immunity but immunity is just a matter of health condition. Those who eat and sleep well have better immunity and faster recovery rate in general.
Malaria can be cured with malaria tabs if displaying flu symptoms or quinine if later stages - displays hallucinations and other mental disorders.
We had one case of a young teen who kept sitting on an ant hill, uttering jibberish and injuring himself. His family were concerned and brought him to the village daktari whom I was assisting at the time. They had taken the boy to see a witch doctor but the rituals hadn't worked. Daktari suspected malaria and ordered some routine tests. The boy indeed had late stage malaria... cerebral kind. He was with us 6 days quinine IV & round the clock massages. Apparently massage helps distribute drugs around the body. During the first 2 days, he had psychotic breakdowns but by day 3 he was calm and by day 6 he was normal. Blood tests indicated no more parasites. He came back 3 months later and thanked us for saving his life.
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I do wonder if mental disorders have an underlying medical cause. Imbalance of something much in the way of dopamine and serotonin but much more comprehensive. Bacterial, parasitic, viral infections that remain unchecked. My concern is with the new designer vaccines. They've engineered it in a way so one doesn't experience flu symptoms. That should be a good thing but the virus is still in your body and it goes straight to damaging your heart (like in my case) and possibly one's mind.
A few months back, 3 of my colleagues had free flu injections but I didn't. I noticed after about a month, they were sort of anti-social like and withdrawn right before they took sick leave even though they hadn't appeared sick. Prior to this flu shot, they were lovely. After this flu shot, they were irratic. I kid you not one snarled at me then suddenly caught herself and ran off sulking out the door. Similar crazed look like the malaria teen. One suddenly kept apologising to everyone for days before dashing out the door and went missing for 1 week. One became non-respondent and kept swelling. All three had taken extended leave or sick leave in the span of 2 months after the flu shot.
There's something in those flu shots that's suppressing the body's ability to dispel infections, and as a consequence it may be manifesting in cerebral regions.