Difficult problem - as everyone deserve electricity.
We should not invest in hydro due to drought definitely
Geothermal has saved us - I say we keep at it.
Solar is great - easy to install - 3 months - you have large solar plant - and I have seen cost coming down to 3-4 cent usd in south africa and zambia.
Problem with solar is storage - we should think about build hydro storage - instead of LNG (which we have to import)
Geothermal - base load
Build solar plants - in day time - pump water to storage dams - in the evening or peak demand - release the water and run the turbines.
Kenya has lots of hills - we just dont have enough water.
Solution - pumped storage - to act as solar power store. Day time - solar plant runs water pumps - to send water uphill to be stored - and during peak time - we generate hydro. Trap the water - send it back up - the hill - again - wait for peak demand - pumping it down - rinse repeat.
And that constitutes what percentage of overall spending power? Kenya has 8.6m household connected to electricity that's more than 75% of the population, are all those middle class?
Its like arguing that mobile phones are for middle class since 40% of mobile phones in kenya are smartphones.
IPP are needed to add to base load power generation(kengen hydro&geo) the solution would be to increase base load generation to eliminate expensive ipps. Either more geothermal or natural gas generation from TZ. Adding wind and solar which are intermittent is what necessitates for thermal power as backup which has to be paid for whether its used or not.